Chapter 5 - Clues to Earth´s Past

FOSSIL: 
are the remains. imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms.




PERMINERALIZED REMAINS:
  are fossils in wich the spaces inside are filled with minerals from groundwater.





CARBON FILM:  thin film of carbon residue preserved as a fossil.



MOLD: a type of body fossil thet forms in rock when an organism with hard parts is burid, decays or dissolves, and leaves a cavaty in the rock.
















CAST:  a type of bode fossil that forms when crystals fill a mold or sediments wash into a mold and harden into rock.





INDEX FOSSIL:  remains of species that existed on earth for a relatively short period of time, were abundant and widespread geographically.





PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION: states that in undisturbed rock leayer, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top.





RELATIVE AGE: is it age in comparison to other things.







UNCONFORMITY: gap in the rock leayer that is due to erosion or period without any deposition.

Chapter 4 - Water Erosion and Deposition

RUNOFF:  water that dosent soak to the ground and dont evaporate.

CHANNEL: water moving in the same path of a grove.

SHEET EROSION: occurs when water that is flowing as sheets picks up anda carries away sediments.

DRAINAGE BASIN:  is the area of land from wich a stream or river collects runoff.

MEANDER:  is a broad bende in a river or stream.

GROUNDWATER:  water that soaks into the ground collects in these pores and empty spaces and becomes part of what.

PERMEABLE:  is when the pore spaces are connected and water can pass through them.

IMPERMEABLE:  is when water cannot pass through of some materials.

AQUIFER:  is a layer of permeable rock that lets water move freely.

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WATER TABLE:  the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

SPRING:  a place where water emerges from the ground.

LONGSHORE CURRENT:   travel parallel to a coastline due to the breaking of waves on the shore.

BEACHES: are deposits of sediments that are parallel to the shore.

GEYSERS:  when water is put into a teakettle to boil, it heats slowly at first.

CAVE: A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground.